Homework of family

a. the expressive role is the role that women are take responsibility of childcare, house work, give emotional support and create home comfort.

b.Unpaid domestic labour; male domination; economically dependent on their husband.

c. firstly, with advances in medicine, all major diseases are declining. Secondly, nutrition and living standards, a health diet give a better health system thus raises levels of resistance to infection. lastly,welfare. governments began to be more responsibility for the health and welfare of their citizens, provided a healthier environment and reduced poverty.

d.Socially construction means something that is created by society. Childhood were not simply a natural state, it varies between different societies and different time.
According to Philippe Aries, the concept of childhood did not exist in medieval Europe,as previously children were considered adults as soon as they were physically able to perform adult tasks.Aries sees the modern concept of childhood developing from the separation of children from the world of adults as they are withdrawal from work place.However, Aries has been criticised for overstating his case. Children in medieval Europe were seen as different from adults.
Welfare state has changed in order to help improve childhood(the Children Act).Lone parenthood, particularly in lone-mother families, there is no father present to discipline the children and provide a male role model, this could have negative effect on children.Increase in divorce and its impact of children.According to Rodgers and Pryor, children of divorced families have a greater chance to experience a range of problems.Such as Financial hardship, behaviour problems, addiction to smoking or drink, poor educational out come. A nuclear family normally is the surest foundation for raising the children.However,children are still socialised within the family, and the vast majority of UK families are still nuclear in structure. Even though new family structure have emerged they still provide emotional and financial support.
According to Nick lee,in the end of 20th century,High divorce rate,labour market is changing rapidly .Adults has become more like children.Both were in a continual state of becoming, both were unstable and incomplete , when in the earlier, both were stable and complete.So, Children are increasingly seen as having their own rights and interests.
Neil Postman argues that children can be seperated, protected from adult world,but media is breaking down the bounaries between the worlds of children and adults,which results a disappearance of childhood.He has been criticied again, for overstating his case.childhood is a long way from disappearing.

e.With a number of changes have taken place, such as the rise in the number of same-sex couples and of lone parents. these have resulted in families becoming much more diverse.It might tend to give people an impression that nuclear family are no longer the norm.According to Anthony Giddens, we live in an era known as late modernity which characterised by choice and change.People have far more freedom to try on different identities and to try out different lifestyles. So family diversity is a reflection of the late modernity.They can choose to cohabit, to divorce, construucting gay and lesbian families, become lone parents rather than accept an unsatisfactory relationship.David Willett had admitted that family comes from all shapes and sizes, state has the duty to support them all.

However, Diana Gittins argues that the idealised picture of the nuclear family acts as a powerful ideology, defining what is normal and desirable and labelling alternative family forms as abnormal and undesirable.Most of the people would like to form nuclear family, this is only the second-best choice to form others when their marriage is failed.Somerville (2000) argues that these changes are exaggerated. The apparent diversity of family life is based on a snapshot at any one time and, if a life cycle approach is taken, many people have a fairly conventional experience of the family.Conservatives tend to see nuclear family as the best social arrangement for raising children.